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T 72 Autoloader
Sometimes in modern warfare it is impossible to tell if a vehicle has been damaged or destroyed as the only sign may be a small hole with burn marks. But this is definitely not the case with the Russian T-72 tanks in the war in Ukraine: in many pictures shared online, the vehicles are completely destroyed, the turrets thrown some distance from the tank's body. It's not because of some super powerful anti-tank weapons. Fatal damage is a side effect of a calculated design decision.
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When hit, Russian tanks are bound to explode, the turret throwing a short distance due to a ... [+] special design feature.
Most Western tanks, including the most modern M1 Abrams, have a crew of four: commander, driver, gunner and loader. Here's a video of a loader in action: he manually pulls a round from a storage compartment and loads it into the Abrams' 120mm main gun. Of the four crew roles on a tank, the loader is the simplest and easiest to automate, which the Russians did with the T-72 series and later tanks.
The autoloader reduces the number of personnel required by 25%, as well as significantly reducing the space required within the turret without handling rounds. This shortens the turret and contributes to the T-72's much lower profile—about a foot taller than the Abrams, which makes it easier to hide and be invisible (unless you add ridiculous soldier cage armor—on the roof. Welded on Russians are working in Ukraine).
A disadvantage of having an autoloader is that it reduces the personnel available for field maintenance and repair. Another is that while the French Leclerc tank had an autoloader ammunition stored away from the crew, the Russians chose the T-72 to place their ammunition storage immediately on the body of the tank in the form of a carousel. done the tower
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Ammunition storage for the T-72 and other Russian tanks (4) is in a carousel under turret construction ... [+] This is very critical.
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This means there is no barrier between the crew and the stored ammunition. The Abrams ammunition storage is separate from the crew compartment and is fitted with special blow-out panels so that if the ammunition explodes - as seen here - the panels explode first, so the blast does not exit the closed crew compartment. comes out When this happens the crew usually escapes without serious injury.
The Russian design has no blow-out panels because the armament is in the same place as the crew. Any penetrating hit on the turret or hull can set off the ammunition, resulting in what is sometimes described as a jack-in-the-box effect: the force of the bullet blast tears the tank from the inside. and often separates the tower. . Force it to clear. Such incidents are immediately fatal to the crew.
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The location of the T-72s ammunition storage is well known and may have been deliberately targeted, as in this video of a Ukrainian BTR-4 gunner destroying a Russian T-72 David-V. Goliath pulls off the feat. On the thin side shield above the ammunition storage at close range. No wonder some call the T-72 a 'death trap' and speak of the 'Olympic tower throwing champion'.
While Ukraine also uses the same tanks, most of their combat power is currently in the form of light infantry teams with anti-tank weapons. No tanks exceeding their number have been seen in action.
Judging by data carefully compiled by open-source intelligence analysts on the Oryx blog, every image showing a vehicle destroyed in the conflict has been identified and cataloged, with ammunition explosions the main cause of Russian tank damage. There are no reasons. Of the 360 losses recorded to date, 166 were destroyed and 6 damaged - but 188 tanks were abandoned or captured by the Ukrainians. This is a large percentage abandoned compared to other types of armored vehicles, and suggests that Russian tank crews were reluctant to stay with their vehicles when they selected them.
But any T-72 crew who saw the results probably worried about going into battle in a vehicle that was likely to break down violently.
The Enduring T 72 Is Almost 50 Years Old
Update: Many cases of this, but this is an extreme one - a tower blown up in the second floor of a country house near Chernihiv, the T-72 is the most recognizable and widely used in the modern world. is one of the tanks. Variants of it served in many conflicts, and a fully modernized version still serves as the primary battle tank of the Russian Federation today.
(NVA) uses the T-72M1, an export variant of the T-72A. It was one of the most powerful NVA tanks available in the 1980s, and while it lacked the most modern Russian ammunition, its integrated armor and 125mm main gun made it a serious threat.
The main advantages of the T-72M1 are its powerful main gun, low profile and composite frontal armor. These features make it very capable in a defensive hull-down situation, and it can also withstand the American 105mm M833 APFSDS projectile over much of its forward area. The tank also features an autoloader, the legendary "AZ" system, which provides reliable and consistent firing speed with only 3 crew members. Best of all, the TPD-K1 FCS, with its laser rangefinder and 8x magnification, makes shooting simple and effective.
Above: Although not equipped with modern ammunition or digital systems, the T-72M1 is still a highly capable tank that should not be underestimated.
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The main armament of the T-72M1 is powered by the TPD-K1 sight complex. The system includes a laser rangefinder combined with automatic super elevation and an analog ballistic computer that forms a basic fire control system. The initial form of this FCS did not have automatic lead compensation, but for stationary targets, it provided very accurate fire.
Unlike the sights used on the T-55 and T-62, which have rows of vertical range scales for different ammunition types, the TPD-K1 uses a range wheel and ballistic computer to match the current. The mover features a sliding reticle plane. Weapon selection. This significantly reduces the clutter of the gun sight and the effort required to read it correctly.
Above: The range wheel on the TPD-K1 sight complex surrounds the "ready to fire" lamp, which forms a red circle above the gunner's sight.
The TPD-K1 has a fixed 8x magnification, which is good enough for use at a normal combat range of around 2km. Numbered marks lined up vertically below the main aiming mark are designed to aim the coaxial PKT machine gun; All main guns are ranged by the range wheel on top. If the laser rangefinder is not functional then the stadia rangefinder is also marked.
T 72 Operators And Variants
Like other vehicles with this type of system, the T-72M1 uses the Lace key (default: E) to operate its rangefinder. Laser recoil is almost instantaneous, but it takes some time for the gunner's sight to automatically rotate the range wheel to the correct number. As the range wheel is adjusted, the main gunnery reticle will slide vertically to compensate for the new super elevation required for that distance.
Above: The precise laser rangefinder target is indicated by the red circle next to the main target symbol. In this image, the laser rangefinder has moved the target indicator back and the gunnery reticle has been moved down to adjust the distance.
Of particular note is that the alignment of the laser rangefinder is inconsistent from tank to tank. This will vary slightly from vehicle to vehicle depending on installation flaws and wear and tear in the field. The red circle always represents the correct aiming point for a particular instance of the sighting system, and you should always use it when aiming.
The T-72M1 does not have a built-in mechanism for lead compensation, nor does it take the tank's own speed into account for shots in motion. This is most accurate from a stationary position against a stationary target. If it is necessary to engage moving targets, the gunner must use some judgment and aim with tick marks to the left or right of the main aiming mark.
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A unique feature of the T-72M1 is automatic travel distance compensation known as "Delta-D". The system intervenes automatically after a malfunction. When it is activated, it uses the vehicle's turret rotation and wheel speed to calculate the change to a fixed target in firing range. For example, if you include delta-d by 1300 lasing
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